I’ve spent a long time in politics, and over those years one thing has re­mained constant: There are a lot more Americans who criti­cize government than there are who serve and do something about it.

I’ll admit, there have been times when I’ve felt a bit re­sentful. It’s hard to enter the fray, be expected to listen pa­tiently to criticism from all comers, and then look around to find that many of them are nowhere to be found when it comes to the hard work of im­proving our communities and our system.

But far more than annoy­ance, what I’ve felt is amaze­ment at the immense but often un-grasped opportunity our system offers. This is espe­cially acute these days, as millions of Americans take to the streets and to social me­dia with passionate intensity, driven by deeply held beliefs or newfound conviction and a sense that it’s time to weigh in. I agree — but then, I think it’s always time to weigh in. That’s what our system asks of us as citizens. And in particular, I’d argue that it asks us to do it from the inside, not just from the outside.

We desperately need citizens to enter the public arena, peo­ple who are not afraid to plunge in and try to improve our dem­ocratic institutions. To be sure, critics and ordinary engaged citizens have an important role to play in shaping the public discourse. But if at some point in their lives they and others do not also see a duty to serve, our nation is in trouble.

I know the arguments you can find against it. You have to compromise your values. It’s thankless. The system turns you into a cog. You make your­self a target of scrutiny. You can’t actually accomplish any­thing.

To all of this, I say: So? There is no question that our governing institutions need improving. But it’s not going to happen unless people with the power to change them roll up their sleeves and set about doing so. And those people are the ones inside those institu­tions, who’ve learned how they work and who understand that actual change happens by dint of legislation, administration, and the nitty-gritty details of reform.

There are plenty of other things you can do, too: Vote, spend time learning the issues you care about, make informed judgments about your elected representatives, get involved in organizations that advocate for the causes you value. But as writer Andy Smarick put it recently in The Bulwark, “[G]overning is formative. Knock­ing on doors as a candidate is not just about winning votes. Sitting through a long bill hear­ing is not just about following the legislative process. Taking part in public debates is not just about self-expression. Making a tough governing decision is not just about resolving a poli­cy matter. Through these activ­ities, the public servant listens to fellow citizens, learns of competing priorities, and wit­nesses principles in conflict.”

In our democracy, these and other skills are vital — not just for public officials, but for any citizen who wants to be in­volved in the community. Lis­tening to our peers, understand­ing their hopes, appreciating the differences among them, grasping why accommodation and compromise are crucial to resolving those differences, and learning how to accom­plish them are part and parcel of making a representative democracy work. People who do this feel in their bones how hard it is to govern in a large, diverse republic, and why we depend on large numbers of or­dinary people to step forward, find their niche, and participate on town boards, in state legisla­tures, and in Congress.

So, as I look about at the remarkable levels of public engagement in this intense po­litical year, I find myself hop­ing that more comes out of it than simple public pressure. I hope that people who’d never considered it before decide it’s time to step forward, serve in public office, and help their fel­low citizens make this a better country.

For more stories like this, see Aug. 13 issue or subscribe online.

By Lee H. Hamilton, Director of the Center on Congress at Indiana University. He was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for 34 years.